Alga hőmérséklet

 

1.1.1.        A hőmérséklet hatása

Az algák növekedési sebességét a hőmérséklet emelkedése csak egy bizonyos értékig növeli exponenciálisan (4. ábra). A különböző alga fajoknál az optimális hőmérséklet eltérő lehet (Singh és Singh 2015; Wetzel 2001).


Relatív Fotoszintézis

Hőmérséklet [°C]

0

10

20

30

40

Scendemus

Chlorella

Anabeana

Synedra





4. ábra Alganövekedés különböző hőmérsékletek mellett

Forrás: (Wetzel 2001)

Míg a zárt rendszerekben a hőmérséklet szabályozható, addig a szélsőséges hőmérséklet-ingadozás a szabadban lévő kultúrák esetében nehézséget okoz. Az alacsonyabb hőmérséklettartományban (~ -20°C) általában lelassul a növekedés, nem pusztulnak el az algák, az optimális hőmérséklet tartomány (~18–25 °C), fölötti értékek élettanilag veszélyesek. A 35°C-nál nagyobb hőmérséklet halálos a fajok többségénél (Hanagata és mtsai. 1992; Mehlitz 2009; Serra-Maia és mtsai. 2016). Termelékenység szempontjából a fényhiányos fázisban előnyös az alacsonyabb hőmérséklet (~ -20°C), mert kisebb lesz a biomassza-veszteség (A. R. Kommareddy és Anderson 2005; Castrillo és mtsai. 2013; Ördög és mtsai. 2016; Vandamme és mtsai. 2012)A hőmérséklet hatása a légzésre és a fotorespirációra erősebb, mint a fotoszintézisreAbban az esetben, ha a CO2 vagy a fény korlátozó tényezőa hőmérséklet hatása a fotoszintézisnél jelentéktelen lehet (Pulz O. 2001;  A. Richmond és mtsai. 1990).



doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2011.01.015. 


Application of computational fluiddynamics for modeling and designing photobioreactors for microalgae production: Areview

J.P. Bitog a,b,I.-B.Leea,∗,C.-G.Leec,K.-S.Kimd,H.-S.Hwanga,S.-W.Honga, I.-H.Seoa,K.-S.Kwona,E.Mostafaa,e


2.3. Temperature 

Algal grow this also temperature dependent, requiring an optimal value for maximal growth. Temperature is also important for the dissociation of carbon-containing molecules, making the carbon available for photosynthesis (Kommareddy andAnderson, 2005). Temperature influences respiration and photorespiration more strongly than photosynthesis. However, if CO2 or light is limiting factor for photosynthesis, the influence of temperature can be  in significant (Pulz,2001;Kchmond,1988;Kcmondetal.,1990). The optimal temperature for microalgae cultures is generally between 20 and 24◦C, although this may vary with the composition of the culture medium, the species and straincultured. Most commonly cultured species of microalgae tolerate temperatures between16 and27◦C.Temperatures lower than 16◦C will slow down growth, whereas those higher than 35◦C are lethal for a number of species (Mehlitz,2009).



Effect of temperature and light on the growth of algae species:
A review

S.P.Singh n, PriyankaSingh

megvan a cikk



Temperature Influence and Heat Management Requirements of Microalgae Cultivation in PhotobioreactorsA Thesis


Thomas Hagen Mehlitz (megvan rendezett)

2.10 Temperature
The yield of algae production can be described through the specific growth rate μ.
The specific growth rate declares the doubling of cells per day (1/day). The maximum
specific growth rate, μmax, describes the highest value of the specific growth rate, μ,
which also indicates the optimum algal growth rate under a specific condition.
Temperature is a widely measured environmental variable, and an important
factor that affects the performance of algal growth (Raven and Geider, 1988; Shuler and
Kargi, 2002). Determining the affect of strictly temperature on algal growth rate, can be
identified by keeping all other variables constant. The growth rate reaches a maximum at
a specific temperature. For microalgae, the growth rate, and therefore the yield, will

follow a skewed normal distribution (Lehman et al., 1975; Dauta et al., 1990), where μmax
is the peak (Figure 7). Every single algae strain has a different specific growth rate,
which needs to be determined. The skewed normal distribution can be described through
the Eqn. 2.5 and 2.6, one for the specific growth rate below the maximum and one for the
specific growth above the maximum. The temperature dependent growth rate (μmaxT)
reaches a maximum at the optimal temperature (Topt). The growth rate declines therefore,
when the temperature rises or falls. Temperature limits are reached when μmaxT = 10% of
the maximum growth rate μmax under optimal conditions. The lower temperature limit
was expressed as Tinf, whereas the upper limit was shown as Tsup (Dauta et al., 1990):


Growth rate of four freshwater algae in relation to light and temperature

nem angol cikk

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of temperature, light intensity and pH on the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The size of C. vulgaris (FC-16) was 3-8 µm, having round in shape. The cells of C. vulgaris (FC-16) was cultured in the Jaworski's Medium with deionized water. To evaluate the efficiency of temperature, light intensity and pH on the growth rate of C. vulgaris, six different fractions of temperature (10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃), various light intensities (100-800 µEm -2 s -1 ) and seven different fractions of pH (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.5, 9) were prepared. The growth rate of C. vulgaris cultivation was approximately 5.2 to 5.5 times faster, the concentration of Chlorophyll a was also 5 to 5.5 times higher, and cell volume per unit area was 14% higher at 25℃ to 30℃ than those at 10℃. Therefore, the optimal temperature for cultivation of C. vulgaris was estimated 25℃ to 30℃The growth rate of C. vulgaris increased slowly up to 5 days, exploded after 5 days until 15 days, and then stoped after that. The optimum cultivation period of C. vulgaris was estimated as 15 days. The optimum pH for the growth rate of C. vulgaris was determined pH 7 to 7.5.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264094960_Effect_of_Temperature_Light_Intensity_and_pH_on_the_Growth_Rate_of_Chlorella_Vulgaris




EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND COMPETITION OFCHLORELLA VULGARISRIS AND
ANABAENA SP. STRAIN PCC[J]. 
nem angol
Wang Jing, Qiu Li-ping, Meng Shun-long, Fan Li-min, Song Chao, Chen Jia-zhang1. 
ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA
, 2014, 38(6): 1127-1134. DOI: 10.7541/2014.164 

Abstract: Chlorella vulgaris is a common freshwater alga. Anabaena sp. strain PCC is one of the most common blue-green alga in eutrophic lakes. To better understand the growth of water bloom blue-green alga in eutrophic lakes and the relationship between alga growth and temperature, we investigate the interspecies competition between C. vulgaris and Anabaena sp. strain PCC at different temperatures. The results showed that in both uni-culture and co-culture systems, C. vulgaris and Anabaena sp. strain PCC reached the maximum growth rates at 35℃ and 30-35℃ respectively. We also found that the inhibition parameters of interspecies competition could be significantly influenced by the temperature. The maximum inhibition parameter of Anabaena sp. strain PCC against C. vulgaris, 0.9111, was observed at 15℃. This value was 1.24, 1.14, and 1.12 times higher than the parameters at 25, 30℃, and 35℃ respectively. The maximum inhibition parameter of C. vulgaris against Anabaena sp. strain PCC, 18.38, was observed at 30℃, which was 4.25, 2.03, and 1.20 times higher than those at 15℃, 25℃, and 35℃ respectively. According to the Lotka-Volterra model, we deducted that the coexistence of Anabaena sp. strain PCC and C. vulgaris was unstable in the co-culture system at these four temperatur

eltérő angol fordítás
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND COMPETITION OF CHLORELLA VULGARISRIS AND ANABAENA SP. STRAIN PCC 
WANG Jing1, QIU Li-Ping2, MENG Shun-Long1, 2, FAN Li-Min 2, SONG Chao2 and CHEN Jia-Zhang1, 2 (1. Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and  Resources of Inland Fisheries/Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China) 
Abstract: Chlorella vulgaris is a common freshwater alga. Anabaena sp. strain PCC is one of the most common blue-green alga in eutrophic lakes. To better understand the growth of water bloom blue-green alga in eutrophic lakes and the relationship between alga growth and temperature, we investigate the interspecies competition between C. vulgaris and Anabaena sp. strain PCC at different temperatures. The results showed that in both uni-culture and co-culture systems, C. vulgaris and Anabaena sp. strain PCC reached the maximum growth rates at 35 and 30 ℃ —35 respe ℃ ctively. We also found that the inhibition parameters of interspecies competition could be significantly influenced by the temperature. The maximum inhibition parameter of Anabaena sp. strain PCC against C. vulgaris, 0.9111, was observed at 15 . This value was 1.24, 1.14, and 1.12 times higher than the p ℃ arameters at 25, 30 , and 35 respectively. The ℃ ℃ maximum inhibition parameter of C. vulgaris against Anabaena sp. strain PCC, 18.38, was observed at 30 , which was ℃ 4.25, 2.03, and 1.20 times higher than those at 15 , 25 , and 35 respectively. According to the ℃ ℃ ℃ Lotka-Volterra model, we deducted that the coexistence of Anabaena sp. strain PCC and C. vulgaris was unstable in the co-culture system at these four temperatures. 

Interaction Effects of Temperature, Light, Nutrients, and pH on Growth and Competition of Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena sp. Strain PCC

www.frontiersin.orgShun Long Meng1,2 www.frontiersin.orgXi Chen1,2 www.frontiersin.orgJing Wang2 www.frontiersin.orgLi Min Fan1 www.frontiersin.orgLi Ping Qiu1 www.frontiersin.orgYao Zheng1 www.frontiersin.orgJia Zhang Chen1,2www.frontiersin.orgPao Xu1,2*
Front. Environ. Sci., 16 July 2021

Következtetés

C. vulgaris optimális növekedési feltételei a monokultúrás rendszerben a következők voltak: hőmérséklet, 35°Cfényerősség, 660 lx; N-koncentráció, 0,36 mg L -1 ; P-koncentráció, 0,1 mg L -1 ; és pH 9,0. Az Anabaena optimális növekedési feltételei a monokultúrás rendszerben a következők voltak: hőmérséklet, 30°Cfényerősség, 6600 lx; N-koncentráció, 0,18 mg L -1 ; P-koncentráció, 0,1 mg L -1 ; és pH 7,0. A C. vulgaris optimális növekedési körülményei a kotenyésztési rendszerben a következők voltak: hőmérséklet, 25°C; fényerősség, 4400 lx; N-koncentráció, 0,18 mg L -1 ; P-koncentráció, 0,5 mg L -1 ; és pH 6,0. Az Anabaena esetében az együtttenyésztési rendszerben az optimális növekedési feltételek a következők voltak: hőmérséklet, 35°C; fényerősség, 4400 lx; N-koncentráció, 0,36 mg L -1 ; P-koncentráció, 0,5 mg L -1 ; és pH 6,0. A fény nem volt a legkritikusabb tényező a C. vulgaris növekedésében , és a pH nem volt a legkritikusabb tényező az Anabaena növekedésében .

A hőmérséklet, a fény, a tápanyagok és a pH szignifikánsan befolyásolta a két algafaj kompetíciós-gátlási paramétereit. Az Anabaena C. vulgaris és C. vulgaris Anabaena elleni mindkét versengés-gátló paramétere a következő körülmények között volt a legmagasabb: hőmérséklet, 30°C; fényerősség, 6600 lx; N-koncentráció, 0,36 mg L -1 ; P-koncentráció, 0,025 mg L -1 ; és pH 8,0. A Lotka–Volterra versenymodell szerint Anabaena a következő feltételek mellett nyert a versenyen ko-kultúrás rendszerben: 1) hőmérséklet, 15°C; könnyű, 660 lx; TN, 0,18 mg L -1 ; TP, 0,025 mg L -1 ; pH 6; 2) hőmérséklet 15°C; könnyű, 2200 lx; TN, 0,36 mg L -1 ; TP, 0,025 mg L -1 ; pH 7; 3) hőmérséklet 15 °C; könnyű, 6600 lx; TN, 3,6 mg L -1 ; TP, 0,5 mg L -1 ; pH 9; 4) hőmérséklet, 30 °C; könnyű, 4400 lx; TN, 0,18 mg L -1 ; TP, 0,05 mg L -1 ; pH 9; 5) hőmérséklet, 35 °C; könnyű, 660 lx; TN, 3,6 mg L -1 ; TP, 0,05 mg L -1 ; pH 8; és 6) hőmérséklet 35 °C; könnyű, 2200 lx; TN, 0,72 mg L -1 ; TP, 0,025 mg L -1 ; pH, 9.



Changes of biomass, lipid content and fatty acids composition under a light–dark cyclic culture of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to different temperature

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